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I would like to emphasize 100 times the 5 safety tips for using door and window glass!
I would like to emphasize 100 times the 5 safety tips for using door and window glass!
Door and window glass not only has functions such as insulation and sound insulation, lighting and sightseeing, but more importantly, it is a transparent wall (peripheral guardrail structure) in the home, bearing the burden of building safety and protecting family members， Glass product .
Therefore, the safety of glass products and their use is very, very important.
In this issue, Xiaozhi has created 5 key points about the safety of using glass at home. Friends must copy them in their own notebooks!
01 Definition and related specifications of safety glass
1. What is safety glass
The use of door and window glass has a very important definition - safety glass: glass products with high strength, not easily broken, not easily broken, and not easy to harm people.
2. Understanding the Definition of Safety Glass
These properties of safety glass are generally assigned by the process.
The strength of tempered glass, after high-temperature heat treatment in a tempering furnace, forms tensile stress on the surface and enhances its strength. Compared to ordinary glass of the same thickness, its impact and bending resistance have been improved by approximately 3-5 times.
If the laminated glass does not harm people, the two pieces of glass are tightly bonded to the intermediate film layer (PVB/SGP, etc.) through high-temperature and high-pressure methods. Compared to other glass, when broken, it will not fall all over the ground, but the vast majority of fragments will stick to the film.
3. What are the safety glass products available?
Safety glass mainly includes tempered glass, laminated glass (laminated glass), and some of their "derivative" products, such as homogeneous tempered glass, fireproof glass, bulletproof glass, tempered laminated glass, etc.
Like common doors and windows in home decoration, tempered insulating glass (widely used), tempered laminated glass (railings, sunroofs), and tempered insulated laminated glass (sunroofs, soundproof doors and windows) also belong to this category.
4. Relevant specifications for the application of safety glass
The application scenarios of safety glass are suggested in Article 7.2 of the "Technical Specification for Application of Building Glass" (JGJ113-2015):
Technical Specification for Application of Architectural Glass
In other regulations and local standards, there are also relevant requirements for the floor and area of safety glass use:
Regulations on the Management of Building Safety Glass
02 Safety glass, not necessarily 'safe'
1. Everyone is using safety glass
Nowadays, in home decoration doors and windows, merchants usually provide you with the most basic glass configuration, which is tempered hollow glass. For sunroofs, the basic configuration will be laminated glass, indoor partition glass, and glass doors. The basic configuration will generally be tempered glass.
Consumers can choose to add at most on this basis (such as improving sound insulation, using tempered hollow laminated glass for doors and windows; improving insulation, using hollow laminated glass for sunlight rooms; improving privacy, using hollow glass for partitions).
2. Safety glass may not be safe
So the problem is, it seems that merchants will use safety glass for me. I can rest assured, why bother learning its strategy?
The reason is that there are some situations where safety glass is not as safe as before:
In theory, 'I' purchased safety glass, but the glass production did not pass the standards, resulting in insufficient quality of the glass;
Improper use of safety glass, such as substandard glass thickness or inaccurate placement, resulting in insufficient glass strength or potential use hazards;
Different consumers have different perspectives on safety, such as tempered glass not only considering its strength, but also preventing its risk of self explosion;
035 Safety Glass Usage Recommendations
1. Glass should be purchased safely
The purchase of door and window glass is first to determine the type of product, and secondly, to determine the quality of the glass product.
Taking insulating glass as an example, common low-quality products may experience problems such as corrosion of spacer strips, precipitation of molecular sieves, aging and peeling of sealant, and water vapor entering the glass after less than one or two years of use. These problems can lead to the loss of insulation performance of insulating glass, and may also cause the glass to bond weakly, creating safety hazards.
Corrosion of spacer bars and precipitation of molecular sieves
△ Inlet steam of insulating glass
To ensure the safety of glass products, it is important to pay attention to:
The workmanship (equipment and operation) and supply chain (product material quality) of a glass deep processing factory determine the quality of the finished glass used at home;
By asking the door and window merchants, 'Where do you produce your glass? What is the manufacturer of the glass deep processing factory (lamination)? Do you have any qualification certificates for glass deep processing? Do you have photos of the manufacturer? How is the level of equipment automation?' Then, by comparing and searching for factory information online, judge the processing level of the glass processing factory;
Good glass, most of its original brands are well-known brands, and knowing them is useless, making it difficult to compare them;
On the contrary, other supply chains often have inferior products mixed in, asking merchants about the materials or brands of the first and second layers of sealant, spacing strips, molecular sieves, and film clips;
May I ask the merchant if the glass has a warranty period? How many years is it? What is the solution to the problem?
2. Safety of glass thickness
Just like opening a face, the larger its area, the more it bounces back and forth with a slight shake, and the easier it is to break open. We can thicken the dough and reduce its bouncing amplitude and risk of damage.
The same is true for door and window glass. The larger the glass, the greater the area and amplitude of rebound after being subjected to external forces (mainly wind pressure). Therefore, it is also necessary to thicken it to improve stability and firmness (stiffness and deflection).
To ensure safe glass thickness, it is important to pay attention to:
When using glass exceeding 3 square meters at home, it is important to pay attention to whether the glass thickness meets the usage requirements. Generally, it can be done according to the specifications below;
If the merchant or glass deep processing factory has rich experience and the glass quality of the glass deep processing factory is guaranteed, they can also listen to the merchant's suggestions (the increase in glass thickness is to ensure the safety of the subsequent use of finished glass, and the requirements and boundaries in the standard are slightly higher);
In the selection of thickness for insulating glass or laminated insulating glass, the difference in thickness between two adjacent glass pieces should not be too large (2mm/4mm), such as 6+12A+5+0.76PVB+5/8+12A+5+0.76PVB+5), otherwise it will affect the overall firmness and stability of the glass;
When purchasing glass products, please inquire in advance about the actual thickness of the glass. In the actual purchasing situation, consumers may purchase products with severely insufficient glass thickness, such as the standard thickness of 5mm, which is only 4.2mm in reality. This situation exceeds the allowable size error range of glass and belongs to the category of "deduction of production cost";
3. Safety of glass product selection in different positions
The selection of glass products is first to ensure its basic safety, as mentioned in the safety glass application scenario specifications above.
What safety glass should be used for different application scenarios? Generally speaking
Tempered insulating glass for doors and windows;
Tempered glass for indoor partitions, glass doors, and glass shower rooms (thickness based on area);
The roof of the sunlight house, glass canopy, sunshade pavilion, glass railing, etc., shall be made of tempered laminated glass;
On the other hand, some consumers may consider further improving the safety of glass use:
Especially for doors and windows in high-rise buildings, some consumers may worry about glass self explosion or accidental fragmentation, which poses a risk of falling and injuring people. The fundamental solution is to use hollow laminated glass, even if the glass is shattered, there is no risk of falling debris;
For partitions, shower rooms, etc., some consumers may worry about accidents such as accidental collisions and thermal explosions. Tempered laminated glass can also be used to enhance safety;
4. Reduce the risk of glass self explosion
Another risk in the use of glass products is the self explosion rate.
The tempered glass naturally has a self explosion rate of 3 ‰ -5 ‰ (note the unit is in thousandths), which is related to the quality of the original glass sheet (impurity content, mainly nickel sulfide), the pre-treatment process (cutting, edge grinding process, etc.) of deep processing enterprises, and the parameter settings of the tempering furnace.
Of course, in order to reduce the risk of glass self explosion at home, in addition to choosing a more reliable glass deep processing factory as much as possible (as I have some personal experience, the self explosion rate of glass produced by different deep processing factories does vary slightly), you can also:
By adding ultra white glass, the raw materials prepared from ultra white glass contain less impurities such as nickel sulfide. Compared to the self explosion rate of 3 ‰ -5 ‰ after tempering of ordinary glass raw sheets, it can be reduced to below 1 ‰;
After homogenization treatment, tempered glass undergoes an additional "detonation" treatment. Most "problematic glass" can be detected before leaving the factory, greatly reducing the self explosion rate after use (which is still possible, similar to that of ultra white glass);
In most application scenarios, tempered glass can be replaced with semi tempered products (semi tempered insulating glass, semi tempered laminated glass, etc.). Although semi tempered glass does not belong to the current definition of "safety glass", it has a powerful advantage: its strength is twice that of ordinary glass, And it will not self explode (the strength can be optimized by increasing the thickness of glass and changing the type of glass. The super high buildings like Shanghai center are semi tempered);
Using hollow laminated glass, as mentioned earlier, can prevent fragments from falling off after glass breakage;
5. Glass installation should be safe
If the installation is not in place, the safety of the glass cannot be guaranteed, and it can also affect the use and safety of doors and windows:
Glass installation requires the use of cushion blocks, as glass cannot come into direct contact with door and window frames. Without cushioning, doors and windows are prone to edge shaking, impact and breakage during subsequent use;
Glass cushion blocks should be made of high load-bearing and durable PVC, thermoplastic elastomers, engineering plastics such as PA/POM, and other materials. Cardboard or small wooden blocks cannot be used, as the latter has poor load-bearing and can only be maintained for a period of time;
In the installation of glass cushion blocks, the supporting cushion blocks at the bottom of the glass should be arranged reasonably, so that the depth of glass inlay and the size of edge gap are within a reasonable range; At the same time, the distribution of cushion blocks should be reasonable and the force should be uniform. Generally, the number and position of glass cushion blocks can be arranged according to the installation spacing of screws. Installed in this way, the glass is safe no matter how it shakes;
At the same time, the installation of glass cushion blocks should not block the drainage holes (affecting drainage), and should not apply pressure to the insulation strip (it should cross the insulation strip, otherwise the insulation strip may deform due to long-term stress);
The glass cushion block of the window sash should also be adjusted according to the window type, so that the center of gravity of the window sash (glass) is even or on the load-bearing side of the hardware (to prevent the window sash from sinking);
Door and window glass not only has functions such as insulation and sound insulation, lighting and sightseeing, but more importantly, it is a transparent wall (peripheral guardrail structure) in the home, bearing the burden of building safety and protecting family members， Glass product .
Therefore, the safety of glass products and their use is very, very important.
In this issue, Xiaozhi has created 5 key points about the safety of using glass at home. Friends must copy them in their own notebooks!
01 Definition and related specifications of safety glass
1. What is safety glass
The use of door and window glass has a very important definition - safety glass: glass products with high strength, not easily broken, not easily broken, and not easy to harm people.
2. Understanding the Definition of Safety Glass
These properties of safety glass are generally assigned by the process.
The strength of tempered glass, after high-temperature heat treatment in a tempering furnace, forms tensile stress on the surface and enhances its strength. Compared to ordinary glass of the same thickness, its impact and bending resistance have been improved by approximately 3-5 times.
If the laminated glass does not harm people, the two pieces of glass are tightly bonded to the intermediate film layer (PVB/SGP, etc.) through high-temperature and high-pressure methods. Compared to other glass, when broken, it will not fall all over the ground, but the vast majority of fragments will stick to the film.
3. What are the safety glass products available?
Safety glass mainly includes tempered glass, laminated glass (laminated glass), and some of their "derivative" products, such as homogeneous tempered glass, fireproof glass, bulletproof glass, tempered laminated glass, etc.
Like common doors and windows in home decoration, tempered insulating glass (widely used), tempered laminated glass (railings, sunroofs), and tempered insulated laminated glass (sunroofs, soundproof doors and windows) also belong to this category.
4. Relevant specifications for the application of safety glass
The application scenarios of safety glass are suggested in Article 7.2 of the "Technical Specification for Application of Building Glass" (JGJ113-2015):
Technical Specification for Application of Architectural Glass
In other regulations and local standards, there are also relevant requirements for the floor and area of safety glass use:
Regulations on the Management of Building Safety Glass
02 Safety glass, not necessarily 'safe'
1. Everyone is using safety glass
Nowadays, in home decoration doors and windows, merchants usually provide you with the most basic glass configuration, which is tempered hollow glass. For sunroofs, the basic configuration will be laminated glass, indoor partition glass, and glass doors. The basic configuration will generally be tempered glass.
Consumers can choose to add at most on this basis (such as improving sound insulation, using tempered hollow laminated glass for doors and windows; improving insulation, using hollow laminated glass for sunlight rooms; improving privacy, using hollow glass for partitions).
2. Safety glass may not be safe
So the problem is, it seems that merchants will use safety glass for me. I can rest assured, why bother learning its strategy?
The reason is that there are some situations where safety glass is not as safe as before:
In theory, 'I' purchased safety glass, but the glass production did not pass the standards, resulting in insufficient quality of the glass;
Improper use of safety glass, such as substandard glass thickness or inaccurate placement, resulting in insufficient glass strength or potential use hazards;
Different consumers have different perspectives on safety, such as tempered glass not only considering its strength, but also preventing its risk of self explosion;
035 Safety Glass Usage Recommendations
1. Glass should be purchased safely
The purchase of door and window glass is first to determine the type of product, and secondly, to determine the quality of the glass product.
Taking insulating glass as an example, common low-quality products may experience problems such as corrosion of spacer strips, precipitation of molecular sieves, aging and peeling of sealant, and water vapor entering the glass after less than one or two years of use. These problems can lead to the loss of insulation performance of insulating glass, and may also cause the glass to bond weakly, creating safety hazards.
Corrosion of spacer bars and precipitation of molecular sieves
△ Inlet steam of insulating glass
To ensure the safety of glass products, it is important to pay attention to:
The workmanship (equipment and operation) and supply chain (product material quality) of a glass deep processing factory determine the quality of the finished glass used at home;
By asking the door and window merchants, 'Where do you produce your glass? What is the manufacturer of the glass deep processing factory (lamination)? Do you have any qualification certificates for glass deep processing? Do you have photos of the manufacturer? How is the level of equipment automation?' Then, by comparing and searching for factory information online, judge the processing level of the glass processing factory;
Good glass, most of its original brands are well-known brands, and knowing them is useless, making it difficult to compare them;
On the contrary, other supply chains often have inferior products mixed in, asking merchants about the materials or brands of the first and second layers of sealant, spacing strips, molecular sieves, and film clips;
May I ask the merchant if the glass has a warranty period? How many years is it? What is the solution to the problem?
2. Safety of glass thickness
Just like opening a face, the larger its area, the more it bounces back and forth with a slight shake, and the easier it is to break open. We can thicken the dough and reduce its bouncing amplitude and risk of damage.
The same is true for door and window glass. The larger the glass, the greater the area and amplitude of rebound after being subjected to external forces (mainly wind pressure). Therefore, it is also necessary to thicken it to improve stability and firmness (stiffness and deflection).
To ensure safe glass thickness, it is important to pay attention to:
When using glass exceeding 3 square meters at home, it is important to pay attention to whether the glass thickness meets the usage requirements. Generally, it can be done according to the specifications below;
If the merchant or glass deep processing factory has rich experience and the glass quality of the glass deep processing factory is guaranteed, they can also listen to the merchant's suggestions (the increase in glass thickness is to ensure the safety of the subsequent use of finished glass, and the requirements and boundaries in the standard are slightly higher);
In the selection of thickness for insulating glass or laminated insulating glass, the difference in thickness between two adjacent glass pieces should not be too large (2mm/4mm), such as 6+12A+5+0.76PVB+5/8+12A+5+0.76PVB+5), otherwise it will affect the overall firmness and stability of the glass;
When purchasing glass products, please inquire in advance about the actual thickness of the glass. In the actual purchasing situation, consumers may purchase products with severely insufficient glass thickness, such as the standard thickness of 5mm, which is only 4.2mm in reality. This situation exceeds the allowable size error range of glass and belongs to the category of "deduction of production cost";
3. Safety of glass product selection in different positions
The selection of glass products is first to ensure its basic safety, as mentioned in the safety glass application scenario specifications above.
What safety glass should be used for different application scenarios? Generally speaking
Tempered insulating glass for doors and windows;
Tempered glass for indoor partitions, glass doors, and glass shower rooms (thickness based on area);
The roof of the sunlight house, glass canopy, sunshade pavilion, glass railing, etc., shall be made of tempered laminated glass;
On the other hand, some consumers may consider further improving the safety of glass use:
Especially for doors and windows in high-rise buildings, some consumers may worry about glass self explosion or accidental fragmentation, which poses a risk of falling and injuring people. The fundamental solution is to use hollow laminated glass, even if the glass is shattered, there is no risk of falling debris;
For partitions, shower rooms, etc., some consumers may worry about accidents such as accidental collisions and thermal explosions. Tempered laminated glass can also be used to enhance safety;
4. Reduce the risk of glass self explosion
Another risk in the use of glass products is the self explosion rate.
The tempered glass naturally has a self explosion rate of 3 ‰ -5 ‰ (note the unit is in thousandths), which is related to the quality of the original glass sheet (impurity content, mainly nickel sulfide), the pre-treatment process (cutting, edge grinding process, etc.) of deep processing enterprises, and the parameter settings of the tempering furnace.
Of course, in order to reduce the risk of glass self explosion at home, in addition to choosing a more reliable glass deep processing factory as much as possible (as I have some personal experience, the self explosion rate of glass produced by different deep processing factories does vary slightly), you can also:
By adding ultra white glass, the raw materials prepared from ultra white glass contain less impurities such as nickel sulfide. Compared to the self explosion rate of 3 ‰ -5 ‰ after tempering of ordinary glass raw sheets, it can be reduced to below 1 ‰;
After homogenization treatment, tempered glass undergoes an additional "detonation" treatment. Most "problematic glass" can be detected before leaving the factory, greatly reducing the self explosion rate after use (which is still possible, similar to that of ultra white glass);
In most application scenarios, tempered glass can be replaced with semi tempered products (semi tempered insulating glass, semi tempered laminated glass, etc.). Although semi tempered glass does not belong to the current definition of "safety glass", it has a powerful advantage: its strength is twice that of ordinary glass, And it will not self explode (the strength can be optimized by increasing the thickness of glass and changing the type of glass. The super high buildings like Shanghai center are semi tempered);
Using hollow laminated glass, as mentioned earlier, can prevent fragments from falling off after glass breakage;
5. Glass installation should be safe
If the installation is not in place, the safety of the glass cannot be guaranteed, and it can also affect the use and safety of doors and windows:
Glass installation requires the use of cushion blocks, as glass cannot come into direct contact with door and window frames. Without cushioning, doors and windows are prone to edge shaking, impact and breakage during subsequent use;
Glass cushion blocks should be made of high load-bearing and durable PVC, thermoplastic elastomers, engineering plastics such as PA/POM, and other materials. Cardboard or small wooden blocks cannot be used, as the latter has poor load-bearing and can only be maintained for a period of time;
In the installation of glass cushion blocks, the supporting cushion blocks at the bottom of the glass should be arranged reasonably, so that the depth of glass inlay and the size of edge gap are within a reasonable range; At the same time, the distribution of cushion blocks should be reasonable and the force should be uniform. Generally, the number and position of glass cushion blocks can be arranged according to the installation spacing of screws. Installed in this way, the glass is safe no matter how it shakes;
At the same time, the installation of glass cushion blocks should not block the drainage holes (affecting drainage), and should not apply pressure to the insulation strip (it should cross the insulation strip, otherwise the insulation strip may deform due to long-term stress);
The glass cushion block of the window sash should also be adjusted according to the window type, so that the center of gravity of the window sash (glass) is even or on the load-bearing side of the hardware (to prevent the window sash from sinking);
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