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Glass product production process
glass production process
Steps: batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes. They are introduced as follows:
1. For ingredients, according to the designed bill of materials, all kinds of raw materials are weighed and mixed evenly in a mixer. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc，glass saucepan .
2. In melting, the prepared raw materials are heated at high temperature to form a uniform glass liquid without bubbles. This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of the glass takes place in a furnace. There are two main types of melting furnaces: one is the crucible kiln, where the frit is contained in the crucible and heated outside the crucible.
3. Forming is the transformation of molten glass into a solid product with a fixed shape. Forming must be carried out within a certain temperature range, which is a cooling process in which the glass first changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state and then to a brittle solid state. Forming methods can be divided into two categories: artificial forming and mechanical forming:
A. artificial shaping
(1) Blowing, using a nickel-chromium alloy blowpipe, pick a group of glass and blow it while turning in the mold. Mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls, etc.
(2) Drawing, after blowing into small bubbles, another worker sticks it with the top plate, and the two people blow and pull mainly to make glass tubes or rods.
(3) Press, pick a ball of glass, cut it with scissors to make it fall into the concave mold, and then press it with a punch. Mainly used to form cups, plates, etc.
(4) Freely formed, after picking the material, it can be directly made into handicrafts with pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools.
b. Mechanical forming. Because of the high labor intensity, high temperature and poor conditions of artificial forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming except free forming. In addition to pressing, blowing, and drawing, mechanical forming also includes
(1) Calendering method, used to produce thick flat glass, engraved glass, wire glass, etc.
(2) Casting method to produce optical glass.
(3) Centrifugal casting method is used to manufacture large-diameter glass tubes, vessels and large-capacity reaction pots. This involves pouring the glass melt into a high-speed rotating mold, and the centrifugal force makes the glass cling to the mold walls, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens.
(4) Sintering method for the production of foam glass. It is to add a foaming agent to the glass powder and heat it in a covered metal mold. During the heating process, the glass forms many closed air bubbles, which is a very good thermal insulation and sound insulation material.
4. annealing. Glass undergoes drastic temperature and shape changes during forming, which leave thermal stresses in the glass. This thermal stress reduces the strength and thermal stability of the glass article. If cooled directly, it is likely to rupture by itself during the cooling process or during subsequent storage, transportation and use.
Notice:
In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold explosion, glass products must be annealed after forming. Annealing is to keep the temperature in a certain temperature range or cool down slowly for a period of time to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to the allowable value.
Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, generally made of a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added. of.
Its main components are silica and other oxides. The chemical composition of ordinary glass is Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, etc. The main component is silicate double salt, which is an amorphous solid with random structure.
Steps: batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes. They are introduced as follows:
1. For ingredients, according to the designed bill of materials, all kinds of raw materials are weighed and mixed evenly in a mixer. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc，glass saucepan .
2. In melting, the prepared raw materials are heated at high temperature to form a uniform glass liquid without bubbles. This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of the glass takes place in a furnace. There are two main types of melting furnaces: one is the crucible kiln, where the frit is contained in the crucible and heated outside the crucible.
3. Forming is the transformation of molten glass into a solid product with a fixed shape. Forming must be carried out within a certain temperature range, which is a cooling process in which the glass first changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state and then to a brittle solid state. Forming methods can be divided into two categories: artificial forming and mechanical forming:
A. artificial shaping
(1) Blowing, using a nickel-chromium alloy blowpipe, pick a group of glass and blow it while turning in the mold. Mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls, etc.
(2) Drawing, after blowing into small bubbles, another worker sticks it with the top plate, and the two people blow and pull mainly to make glass tubes or rods.
(3) Press, pick a ball of glass, cut it with scissors to make it fall into the concave mold, and then press it with a punch. Mainly used to form cups, plates, etc.
(4) Freely formed, after picking the material, it can be directly made into handicrafts with pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools.
b. Mechanical forming. Because of the high labor intensity, high temperature and poor conditions of artificial forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming except free forming. In addition to pressing, blowing, and drawing, mechanical forming also includes
(1) Calendering method, used to produce thick flat glass, engraved glass, wire glass, etc.
(2) Casting method to produce optical glass.
(3) Centrifugal casting method is used to manufacture large-diameter glass tubes, vessels and large-capacity reaction pots. This involves pouring the glass melt into a high-speed rotating mold, and the centrifugal force makes the glass cling to the mold walls, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens.
(4) Sintering method for the production of foam glass. It is to add a foaming agent to the glass powder and heat it in a covered metal mold. During the heating process, the glass forms many closed air bubbles, which is a very good thermal insulation and sound insulation material.
4. annealing. Glass undergoes drastic temperature and shape changes during forming, which leave thermal stresses in the glass. This thermal stress reduces the strength and thermal stability of the glass article. If cooled directly, it is likely to rupture by itself during the cooling process or during subsequent storage, transportation and use.
Notice:
In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold explosion, glass products must be annealed after forming. Annealing is to keep the temperature in a certain temperature range or cool down slowly for a period of time to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to the allowable value.
Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, generally made of a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added. of.
Its main components are silica and other oxides. The chemical composition of ordinary glass is Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, etc. The main component is silicate double salt, which is an amorphous solid with random structure.
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